
Lean Terminology:
- Muda - Waste, any activity which uses resources but creates no value. These are often defined as the 7 wastes:



Overproduction - making more product than the customer requires (the customer can be internal - the next work center, or external)



Waiting - This occurs when the activities are not balanced. Note: not all waiting is bad thing.



Transportation - A result of poor layout and often occurs in batch & queue environments where large batch are moved
from department to department.



Processing Itself - Conducting more operations than a customer requires. Usually due to poor specifications or in
reaction to quality issues.



Inventory - This occurs when there are long lead times and batch & queue planning methods are used.



Motion - Due to poor work center layout



Making Bad Product - Rework or scrap is always a waste, not only of the material but of the processing time, particularly



so if defective material is fed to the operations constraint.
- Value Stream - All of the actions required to produce a product for a customer. These can be defined into 3 broad categories




Problem-solving task- Everything it takes to create a product for the marketplace from concept to product launch.




Information management task- This the order taking to delivery.




Physical transformation task- The actual production of the product.
- Flow - The goal of Lean Manufacturing is to drive the waste (muda) out of the value-stream then make the remaining value


added steps flow. Ideally, the process would be so lean, that one piece flow could be achieved, meaning that the value stream


could produce a "batch of one" where changing between different products would so insignificant that a "batch of one" could


be achieved allow and organization to produce exactly what is ordered.
- Pull - Not producing a product until one is required. The customer sets the pace of production. Sell one; build one.
- Kaizen - Incremental continuous improvement.
- Kaikaku - This is extremely quick continuous improvement, usually requiring moving processing equipment into cells to create
- 5 S's - Applying the 5 S's create a work environment appropriate for lean.


Sort (Seiri) - Eliminate unneeded tools, parts and instruction from the work center


Set In Order (Seiton) - Create effective storage for the items that remain. Often using shadow boards, outlines, etc... for easy

Shine (Seiso) - Clean the work center


Standardize (Seiketsu) - Going back through the first 3 S's for all workcenters at specific intervals to ensure they are all


Sustain (Shitsuke) - Repeating steps 1 through 4 until it habit
- Heijunka - Leveling your scheduling process to better correspond to longer term demand.
- SMED - Single Minute Exchange of Dies. Created by Shigeo Shingo to conduct changeovers (even on very large &


complicated equipment) in less than ten minutes.


One-Touch Setup refers specifically to setup taking less than a minute.
- TPM - Total Productive Maintenance. Created by Nippondenso to ensure all equipment in a production process is always


ready to perform so production is never interrupted.
- Poka-yoke - Error proofing a process or procedure to stop the a part from moving on in the process if it is defective.



Sometimes called baka-yoke.
- Process Villages - Grouping equipment together by similar process. (i.e., welding department, drilling department, milling
- QFD - Quality Functional Deployment. A tool utilizing the customer requirements to determine the specifications for a product.


It utilizes perspectives from multiple areas of expertise (engineering, production, etc...)
- Takt time - Sets the production rate equal to the rate at which the customer requires your product.
- 5 Why's - Driving down to the root cause of a problem by asking, "Why?" five times.
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